The purpose of construction of an Earth Pit is to provide an alternate route for fault current to flow in case of fault occurrences. A fault usually occurs when an insulation in the machine fails and the live wire gets shorted with machine's frame or chassis. So, when a person gets in physical contact with the machine in which there's a fault, the fault current flow through your body to earth creating a potential difference across two points, thus, electrocuting the person
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